History 10/03/20 dm-dobrovВоевали whether Bandera against Wehrmacht soldiers actually
on 30 June 1941 in Lviv was published “Act of proclamation of Ukrainian State”. He ended with the words: “long live the leader of organization of Ukrainian nationalists and the Ukrainian people Stepan Bandera!”
OUN (banned in Russia organization), sought the establishment of an independent state for several decades. Collaboration with the Germans, it seemed, gave her the opportunity to carry out these plans.
In early September 1939, Bandera was released from prison where he was serving a life sentence for the murder of Bronislaw pyeratskoho, the Minister of internal Affairs of Poland. Bandera accepted the German conditions and agreed to promote.
however, he declared that, first and foremost, defends the interests of Ukraine, rightly realizing that a fully independent state the Germans are not profitable. A different position is taken by Andrew Miller – tuned Pro-German leader of the OUN. Under the influence of disagreement in February 1940, the OUN split into the Bandera and Mel’nikovskiy wing.
the Proclamation of an independent state
In early 1941, the followers of Bandera, Stetsko, Lebed, Shukhevych began to lead the creation of the Ukrainian Legion, numbering about 800 people. Bandera, most likely, sanctioned their work. On the German side, the survey was carried out by the Abwehr.
Later, the Bandera said that the staff of the Abwehr, he hinted that “it may be the Ukrainian government, which may be placed in the hands of Ukrainians.”
on the night of 30 June the battalion “Nachtigall” entered the city. The day was proclaimed an act. According to a former member of the OUN Lion Senkovskogo, in the case of recognition by the Germans of the independence of Ukraine, the OUN was willing to continue to cooperate with Germany.
However, Hitler arbitrariness of the OUN did not like. He was furious and ordered to punish those “who committed this disgusting Slavic”.
the Arrest of Bandera and associates
3 Jul Bandera was invited to talks with several German officials. There he tried to make excuses, saying that “OUN sincerely in all respects cooperate with all the German authorities”. According to the head of OUN, the role of the organization in this collaboration was the work in the rear and the tasks of the Wehrmacht.
July 5, Bandera was arrested and imprisoned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Soon there was sent and Stetsko. In different sources in different ways addresses the issue of their stay in the camp.
Some scientists believe that Bandera spent three years in solitary confinement, subjected to deprivation. Others write that he “received a special status as so-called honorary prisoner had a large chamber furnished with a bedroom and living room, even the paintings on the walls and a carpet on the floor”. The followers of Bandera were allowed to receive parcels and money from family, move around the camp and even, according to Edward Prus, visit the castle, Which, where they trained spies to send into the territory of Ukraine.
In distributed propaganda leaflets the Germans called Bandera, “the accomplice of Stalin.” However, although the Bandera wing of the OUN and UPA (in Russia banned organization) were in an irregular situation, between them and the Germans was an informal truce.
In 1944, the German authorities tried again to bring Bandera to work actively on their side, but he insisted on the recognition of an independent state. The Germans agreed to end the war Bandera lived in Germany, not having a certain status.
However, there is an interrogation of Siegfried Mueller employee “Abverkomandy-202”, who said that between the Germans and Bandera still held a semblance of agreement: “Bandera was an indication of the Main Department of Reich security to collect all the Ukrainian nationalists in Berlin and defend the city against the advancing red Army. Bandera has created groups of Ukrainian nationalists, which operated in Berlin as part of the folkschturman, and he fled.”
the battalion of the OUN and the “Galicia”
In the first days of the occupation of the city was shot many Jews, supporters of Soviet power, Polish intellectuals. In 1960, the Soviet Union accused in the massacre of “Nachtigall” and separately, a German curator Oberlander.
Now there is also a view that the perpetrators of the incident was unorganized nationalists and the Germans. Polish historian Zygmunt albert writes that if the guilty were Ukrainians, the “Hamburg Prosecutor would not have admitted after the war that it was his fellow Germans.” Perhaps the soldiers of the battalion participated in the massacre under the guise of civilians.
the Infamous SS division “Galicia” had to Bandera organization. In the German documents it was listed as a German unit and belonged to the Waffen-SS.
the Battalions of the Ukrainian Legion of the Germans brought into the 201st security battalion, subordinated to the command of the army and for a time fought against partisans in Belarus. In 1942, when it became clear that the Nazi government does not recognize the independence of Ukraine, the soldiers refused to serve and went home. Later many of them joined the anti-Soviet underground.
a Sad fate and 621 members of the OUN from the “melnikovsky wing”, which was shot in 1943 in Kiev. According to one source, they were killed at Babi Yar, on the other, was executed by the Gestapo.
in the Summer of 1943 started recorded cases of attacks of groups of the OUN in warehouses and other logistic companies of the Wehrmacht. But it was not so much struggle, how much looting. The Germans shot several of the attackers, but most were released.
Volyn massacre
In March-July 1943 in Volyn occurred the biggest tragedy, which accused the UPA and the OUN. During massacres killed up to 100 thousand poles. After the beginning of the retaliatory actions of the Polish side there are victims among the Ukrainians. In fact, it was the genocide of the Polish population. OUN from the beginning was set dramatically against the poles.
Cases of brutal killings of poles by members of OUN on the territory of Ukraine was recorded repeatedly. It was not “cooperation with Nazis”. Rather, it was the realization of those ideas, which are based on movement. No wonder that Bandera was imprisoned precisely because of the active anti-Polish actions.
a hero or a terrorist?
Bandera and his supporters were just as cruel as the other warring parties. The NKVD and the Gestapo without mercy dealt with the prisoners, the OUN in this they are not inferior. The organization killed innocent people sent to work before the war – doctors, engineers, teachers – only because they were, as they said, “Easterners”.
However, the Soviet side has made a contribution to the image of the OUN: the MGB had committed crimes and pass them off Bandera atrocities. Help formations of the OUN were punished no less than collaboration with the Nazis.
apparently, the question of Bandera and his movement will remain a point of contention between historians and politicians for more years to come.
Source:
© Russian Seven
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