Biography 05/03/20 Wikipedija Alexander Lebed suppressed riots in Azerbaijan
Colonel Aleksandr Ivanovich Lebed participated in the events of April 1989 in Georgia and January 1990 in Azerbaijan. Events that, according to a mainstream interpretation of the 1990-ies, was the “bloody crimes of the Communist regime” (and to this day considered as such in these countries). But what was the actual participation of A. I. Lebed in these incidents?
the Events in Sumgait
18 March 1988 Colonel Swan was appointed commander of the 106th Tula guards airborne division (hereinafter referred to as VDD). At the time of his appointment one of the regiments of the division – 137th – was responsible for maintaining order in Sumgait (Azerbaijan), where in late February 1988, the Azeris had perpetrated massacres against the Armenian population. 21 November 1988 all parts of the 106th airborne division received orders to transfer to the aircraft in Baku, where for several days was a continuous mass rally at the government House of the Republic.
As Swan wrote in his memoirs, “For power insulting!”, he received no specific orders. But at a time when he was in Baku, contacted by phone with the command, someone Swan does not mention by name, hysterical tone asked him: “Attack and make its way to the square!” Swan of the order is not complied with. According to him, the crowd of protesters was set up peacefully and he did not want bloodshed.
the Demonstration was held under the slogan of expelling the Azeris from Armenia. In connection with the threat of a new Armenian pogroms in Baku Colonel Lebed ordered his subordinates to organize the protection of the Armenian quarters of the city, the delivery to them of food and medicine for the residents. Officers of the 106th airborne division enforced a curfew and prevented some massacres. In the night from 3 on 4 Dec of the internal troops (VV) made a sweep of the square in front of the Houseom the government. Before that they during the day called on the protesters to leave the square, releasing all comers, but not allowing the new protesters to take their place. Just there are about 800 people that night were arrested. However, on the morning of 4 December, Baku was flooded with leaflets in which it was said that night in the square was killed hundreds of people.
And once again gathered hundreds of thousands of people. According to Swan, he personally addressed the crowd and convinced her that no blood was shed. The use of weapons is not reached, but without a fight, and with the participation of the Colonel, was not. Passion temporarily subsided.
the Tragedy in Tbilisi
In April 1989, there were tragic events in Tbilisi. Then and now, few focuses on the fact that the slogans of the participants permanent rally at the government House of the Georgian SSR had little to do with democracy. The immediate reason for the rally was the decision of the village Assembly in Lykhny (the Abkhazian ASSR) to achieve separation of Abkhazia from Georgia. Tbilisi demanded, above all, to abolish Abkhaz autonomy. Then from-for unwillingness of party and Soviet leadership of the Republic to enter into dialogue with the people there were demanding the resignation of the first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party of Georgia George.And. Patiashvili.
In the absence of Mikhail Gorbachev, who was in foreign tour and the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under the chairmanship of E. K. Ligachev has ordered the commander of Transcaucasian military district Colonel-General I. N. Rodionov to steer in Tbilisi for more troops. And on the night of 7 April in Tbilisi in addition to the 8th infantry regiment were transferred to the 345th airborne regiment from Ganja and the 4th regiment of the division IV named after F. Dzerzhinsky. Their forces in order Rodionova (actually Patiashvili) in the night of April 9 was made a sweep of the area, which has led to numerous human victims. 106th airborne division Swan arrived in Tbilisi a day later. Under its cover on Board a military transport plane we arrived in Tbilisi at a special pobucheniu Mikhail Gorbachev, Shevardnadze, who feared to be there earlier.
the Unrest in Azerbaijan
12 January 1990 in the Azerbaijani capital, riots broke out, accompanied by human victims. The Armenian population in the town was almost gone, an armed uprising was directed against the party leadership of the Republic. It occurs under the auspices of the popular front of Azerbaijan (NFA). On 18 January, the division of Swan received orders to be loaded in the aircraft. On landing at a military airfield stool, encircled by armed militants of the PFA, she came under fire and was forced to battle. There were losses and at the Marines, and have them opposing forces.
Lebed has received the short order of the Minister of defense General of the army D. T. Yazov, “Take the buck”. According to the testimony of Swan, militants have used against moving troops this technique: watered highway gasoline from tank cars, and at the time of passage of army convoys on the highway “from the neighboring vineyards was flying torches”. At the same time in Baku on the other hand became part of the 76th Pskov airborne division. Lebed said that his subordinates opened fire only in response to fire. Within a few days part of the Tula airborne division eliminated the pockets, where the NFA coordinated rebel attacks on Soviet soldiers. The Marine station building that housed the headquarters of the NFA, sacked themselves “activists”. However, after they left the administration of the station presented the Military Prosecutor’s office claim in connection with the looting of the station… Soviet soldiers.
In late January, the division of Swan eliminated in Jalilabad in the South of the major armed units of the NFA, before this force captured the city and kept him a few days. Most of the fighters at the same time, according to Swan, had been destroyed. They were all well armed, documents, was, their identity could not be established. There were a few victims of the Soviet airborne troops.
These events are now called Azerbaijan a Black (or Bloody) JanAREM, and every year on 20 January there is the Day of national mourning in memory “of the dead Russian invaders civilians”. According to A. I. Lebed, the invasion occurred too late: the opposition managed to arm themselves and to provide organized resistance to the troops. “What efforts throughout the week have made Mikhail Gorbachev to end the bloody strife, I don’t know,” said Swan.
17 February 1990, A. I. Lebed was promoted to the rank of major-General airborne forces.
Yaroslav Butakov
Source:
© Russian Seven
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